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Both sums start with the value zero (or some other known value). So, for each block of the data word, taken in sequence, the block's value is added to the first sum and the new value of the first sum is then added to the second sum. This is the modular sum of the values taken by the simple checksum as each block of the data word is added to it. In our example, there are only 255 possible checksum values, so it is easy to see that even random data has about a 0.4% probability of having the same checksum as our message.įletcher addresses both of these weaknesses by computing a second value along with the simple checksum. The second weakness is that the universe of checksum values is small, being equal to the chosen modulus. If the order is changed, the checksum value will be the same and the change will not be detected. The first weakness of the simple checksum is that it is insensitive to the order of the blocks (bytes) in the data word (message). The receiver of the message can re-compute the checksum and compare it to the value received to determine whether the message has been altered by the transmission process. (In practice, the modulo operation is performed during the summation to control the size of the result.) The checksum value is transmitted with the message, increasing its length to 137 bytes, or 1096 bits. So, the simple checksum is computed by adding together all the 8-bit bytes of the message, dividing by 255 and keeping only the remainder. Similarly, a convenient modulus would be 255, although, again, others could be chosen. A convenient block size would be 8 bits, although this is not required. The data to be protected, in its entirety, is referred to as a "word", and the pieces into which it is divided are referred to as "blocks".)Īs an example, the data may be a message to be transmitted consisting of 136 characters, each stored as an 8-bit byte, making a data word of 1088 bits in total. (Note that the terminology used in this domain can be confusing. The algorithm Review of simple checksums Īs with simpler checksum algorithms, the Fletcher checksum involves dividing the binary data word to be protected from errors into short "blocks" of bits and computing the modular sum of those blocks. Laptop details like power management (sleeping), trackpad, wifi, audio, If I use Debian, I have to struggle to track down all the little I hope to be able to simply unpack binaries fromĭebian for most simple applications, so long as the library dependencies Which might not be too hard, really, if ChromeOS doesn't fight me Shell, screen, mplayer, a decent window manager, openvpn, stellarium,Įtc. If I use ChromeOS, at a minimum I want to get NFS, and a decent Lenovo is not dead yet so I can spend some months figuring that question Chromebook imageburner not found install#The big question for me is whether to hack things in on top ofĬhromeOS (it's X11, right?), or to install Debian on it. It is certainly very flimsy-feeling, if that matters. The trackpad is probably great, but it basically sucks because it hasĪn acceleration setting that I find unusable, and have not figured out To display "black" on the screen yet, so we'll see if it grows on me. But I'm not entirely certain I've convinced the chrome OS The LCD seems to be the weak point, with apparently awful viewingĪngles and contrast (even worse than the Lenovo's, which I'd thought ofĪs bad). Hasn't caught onto yet: lower-case letters on the keycaps! Neat! Speaking of Apple-esque innovations, here is something even Apple It's sleeping, and 1 flashes when it's thinking. 3 are always on, 4 are always off, 1 flashes when My Lenovo, by contrast, has 9 garish LEDs that don't tell meĪnything of value. Apple laptops have a minimum of LEDs and display them It has few LEDs: a stupid LED under the power button in the keyboard,Īn apparent activity LED by the webcam, and a hidden charging indicatorīy the power jack. I'm used to, so it will take a little while to get used to it. Keyboard has a very nice crisp feel, but it is much lower profile than Lenovo's, which is vexing because they have the same specs on paper. Its LCD is about a quarter inch not-as-wide as the Thin plastic box around mostly empty space. When you first pick it up, you can't tell it's a The Chromebook hasĪRM processor and so should be cool (it doesn't even have a fan!). Way into reviews of the Chromebook's keyboard. "mushy", and I realized, he doesn't use the word "mushy" to describeĮvery single keyboard he reviews. So, I happened across a reviewer calling the Lenovo's keyboard Is stupidly shaped because it has a huge off-center battery in the back. Ludicrously hot despite making a ton of fan noise. Two complaints about it: its keyboard is "mushy", and it gets Chromebook imageburner not found software#In fact, it is still going strong - it is certainly fast enoughĪnd its battery is still good for more than 3 hours, and the software Too slow and unsupported for modern web browsing, accumulated hardwareĭamage, and acute disk failure. fbdev, kernel build MaKeyboard fix MaObservations FebruDetails FebruDebian config FebruFirst impressions JAsus C201 Review JTo crouton, or not to crouton? JSeduced Seduction FebruThe bell tolls for hinges NovemThus passes keyboard JSic transit keyboard FebruStaying power JIllustration of systematic development fail ApStill not perfect MaA couple more struggles MaGLES fail Maarmsoc vs. ApGL, finally ApHinges again! DecemMy god, this laptop isn't perfect AugHinges: the gift that keep on giving MaToddler strikes again FebruProgress report JA few notes. Samsung ARM Chromebook Linux user experience Samsung ARM Chromebook (XE303C) Linux user experience Asus C201 ARM Chromebook Linux user experience OctoL406 review. Jeor equation, a formula introduced in 1990. However, a rough estimation of this data is possible using the Mifflin-St. To most accurately calculate BMR, an expert takes measurements of carbon dioxide and oxygen analysis after a subject has fasted for 12 hours and has had eight hours of sleep. For men, the average BMR in the United States is 1,662 calories.For women, the average BMR in the United States is 1,493 calories.Your basal metabolic rate (BMR) is an estimate of the number of calories you body uses in a day, at rest. What is a normal BMR?Ī person’s basal metabolic rate is related to the way your body utilizes energy. While you can’t magically change your BMR right away, knowing your personal number, how it’s calculated, and which factors most influence your metabolism, can help you use your BMR to create a smarter strategy for weight loss and better health (or maintenance). It may surprise you to know that your BMR is the single largest component (more than 60 percent) of your total energy burned every day. This number of calories reflects how much energy your body requires to support vital body functions if you were resting for an entire day. The amount of energy (in the form of calories) that the body needs to function while resting for 24 hours is known as the basal metabolic rate, or BMR. Each day, your body must breathe, blink, circulate blood, control body temperature, grow new cells, support brain and nerve activity and contract muscles not to mention any form of additional exercise you may do each day. calories) just to function and exist regularly. The human body requires a significant amount of energy (i.e. BMR is the amount of energy it takes for your body to maintain a healthy life. In other words, when you’re at rest, not digesting any food and at a comfortable temperature. Basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is the measurement of an organism’s energy expenditure when at rest. |
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